d and f BLOCK ELEMENTS

Why do transition elements often form complex ions with various ligands?

• They have very high ionization energies
• They repel ligands strongly
• Partially filled d-orbitals can accept electron pairs from ligands, forming coordinate covalent bonds.
• They only form ionic bonds

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes transition elements from other elements in the periodic table?

• Having the highest electronegativity
• Being the most abundant elements
• Possessing partially filled d-orbitals in the ground state or common oxidation states.
• Having only one oxidation state

Which element listed has the lowest atomic number among the 2nd series transition metals shown in the table?

• Zirconium (Zr, Z=40)
• Niobium (Nb, Z=41)
• Yttrium (Y, Z=39)
• Strontium (Sr, Z=38)

Which element listed has the highest atomic number among the 3rd series transition metals shown in the table?

• Tungsten (W, Z=74)
• Osmium (Os, Z=76)
• Platinum (Pt, Z=78)
• Mercury (Hg, Z=80)

What is the electronic configuration of the ground state of Gold (Au, Z=79)?

• [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁹ 6s²
• [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s²
• [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁸ 6s³
• [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s¹