d and f BLOCK ELEMENTS

Based on the provided text, what is the main factor contributing to the similarities among elements within a horizontal row of transition metals?

• The filling of the outermost ns subshell
• The filling of the inner (n-1)d subshell while the outer ns electrons remain relatively constant.
• They all have the same number of protons
• They are all radioactive

What is the main reason transition metal ions are often colored?

• They reflect all wavelengths of light
• d-d electronic transitions absorb specific wavelengths of visible light.
• They only absorb ultraviolet light
• They are always black in color

Which of the following statements best explains why transition elements can exhibit multiple oxidation states?

• They always lose all their d-electrons first
• They have very low ionization energies
• Electrons in similar energy d and s orbitals can be lost in different combinations.
• They only gain electrons

What is the electronic configuration of Scandium's most common ion, Sc³⁺?

• [Ar] 3d¹
• [Ar] 4s²
• [Ar] 3d³
• [Ar]

Which of the following is NOT a typical property of transition elements as described in the text?

• Displaying a variety of oxidation states
• Forming colored ions
• Forming only colorless compounds
• Exhibiting paramagnetic behavior