d and f BLOCK ELEMENTS

Which of the following oxidation states is NOT commonly achieved by Chromium (Cr) in its simple halides according to Table 4.5?

• +2
• +3
• +5
• +6

What is the primary reason for the high standard electrode potential (E°) for the M³⁺/M²⁺ couple of Zinc (Zn)?

• The ease of oxidizing Zn²⁺
• The stability of the Zn³⁺ ion
• The low hydration energy of Zn²⁺
• The high energy required to remove an electron from the stable d¹⁰ configuration of Zn²⁺

Based on the provided information, which statement best describes the relationship between electronic configuration and the E°(M³⁺/M²⁺) value for Vanadium (V)?

• V³⁺ has a more stable configuration than V²⁺
• V²⁺ is easily oxidized due to its high energy
• The high E° value is related to the stability of V³⁺
• The low E° value is related to the stability of the V²⁺ ion with a half-filled t₂g level

Why is the standard electrode potential (E°) for the M³⁺/M²⁺ couple relatively high for Manganese (Mn)?

• The instability of the Mn³⁺ ion
• The ease of oxidizing Mn²⁺
• The exceptional stability of the Mn²⁺ ion with a d⁵ half-filled configuration makes further oxidation difficult
• The low hydration energy of Mn³⁺

Which first-row transition metal listed has the highest second ionization enthalpy (Δ₂H°) according to the data?

• Cr
• Ni
• Cu
• Fe