d and f BLOCK ELEMENTS

Based on the data for Cr in Table 4.4, what is the sum of the first three ionization enthalpies (Δ₁H° + Δ₂H° + Δ₃H°)?

• 1051 kJ/mol
• 1592 kJ/mol
• 2245 kJ/mol
• 2643 kJ/mol

What does the text suggest is the primary factor influencing the E° value for the Ni²⁺/Ni couple?

• The low ionization energies of Ni
• The stability of the Ni²⁺ ion's d⁸ configuration
• The exceptionally high negative hydration enthalpy of Ni²⁺
• The low atomic mass of Ni

Why is the first ionization enthalpy (Δ₁H°) for Zinc (Zn) significantly lower than its second ionization enthalpy (Δ₂H°)?

• Zn has a very high atomic mass
• Both electrons are removed from the same orbital with the same energy
• The first electron is removed from a higher energy 4s orbital, while the second is removed from a lower energy 4s orbital, now experiencing a higher effective nuclear charge
• Zn has a very low atomic number

Based on the data in Table 4.4, which first-row transition metal has the most positive standard electrode potential (E°) for the M²⁺/M couple?

• Ni
• Fe
• Zn
• Cu

What is the standard enthalpy of hydration (ΔhydH°) for Cu²⁺ according to the provided table?

• -1925 kJ/mol
• -2079 kJ/mol
• -2121 kJ/mol
• -2059 kJ/mol