d and f BLOCK ELEMENTS

What is the primary reason Scandium (Sc) is considered a transition element?

• Because Sc has an incomplete d-subshell in its ground state.
• Because Sc is a metal.
• Because Sc^3+ has an empty d-subshell (d^0), which is a stable configuration characteristic of transition elements.
• Because Sc is located in the d-block.

What is the primary difference in the metallic bonding of Zinc compared to other first-row transition metals?

• Zinc does not form metallic bonds.
• Zinc primarily uses its 4s electrons for metallic bonding, whereas other first-row transition metals involve both 4s and 3d electrons.
• Zinc forms ionic bonds.
• Zinc has weaker metallic bonds because it is lighter.

Why do transition metals and their compounds often exhibit paramagnetism?

• Because they contain iron.
• Because they are metals.
• Because they frequently possess unpaired electrons in their d-orbitals, which create magnetic moments that align with an external magnetic field.
• Because they form complex ions.

Why are the ionization enthalpies of transition metals generally higher than those of s-block elements?

• Because they are metals.
• Because the (n-1)d electrons are closer to the nucleus and more tightly held than the ns electrons of s-block elements, requiring more energy to remove.
• Because they have more electrons.
• Because they form complex ions.

What is the effect of Lanthanoid contraction?

• It increases atomic radii.
• It causes a decrease in atomic and ionic radii of the elements following the lanthanoids (from La to Lu), making them smaller than expected and similar in size to the elements above them in the periodic table.
• It affects only the lanthanoids themselves.
• It increases the reactivity of lanthanoids.