d and f BLOCK ELEMENTS

Which factor is NOT mentioned as contributing to the stability of d5 and d10 configurations?

• Lower nuclear charge
• Exchange energy
• Maximum parallel spins for d5
• Spherical symmetry for d10

What is the reason given for the relatively low third ionization enthalpy of Zinc (Zn)?

• Ionisation causes the removal of one 4s electron, resulting in the formation of a stable d10 configuration
• Ionisation disrupts a stable d10 configuration
• Zinc has a very low atomic number
• Zinc readily loses electrons

Which ionization enthalpy term is identified as the dominant factor when forming M2+ ions from gaseous transition metal atoms?

• Second ionisation enthalpy
• First ionisation enthalpy
• Enthalpy of atomisation
• Sum of first and second ionisation enthalpies

Besides the first and second ionization enthalpies, what other enthalpy term is required to form M2+ ions from gaseous atoms?

• Enthalpy of atomisation
• Enthalpy of hydration
• Lattice enthalpy
• Electron affinity

According to the text, what is the lowest common oxidation state for first-row transition elements?

• +2
• +1
• 0
• +3