d and f BLOCK ELEMENTS

According to Hund's rule as described in the text, what electron configuration corresponds to the lowest energy state?

• Maximum possible extent of single occupation of orbital and parallel spins
• Maximum possible extent of paired occupation of orbitals
• Minimum possible extent of single occupation of orbitals
• Random occupation of orbitals with mixed spins

What is the primary reason given for the stabilization of energy states in transition metals?

• Exchange energy
• Kinetic energy
• Potential energy
• Nuclear charge

How does the text describe the complexity of predicting oxidation state stability using ionisation enthalpies?

• It states the problem is very complex and not amenable to ready generalisation
• It states ionisation enthalpies are the only factor
• It states higher ionisation enthalpies always mean more stable oxidation states
• It states lower ionisation enthalpies always mean less stable oxidation states

What general statement does the text make about third ionisation enthalpies of transition metals?

• In general, the third ionisation enthalpies are quite high
• In general, the third ionisation enthalpies are quite low
• In general, the third ionisation enthalpies are unpredictable
• In general, the third ionisation enthalpies are equal for all transition metals

What does the text state about the third ionisation enthalpies of d5 (Mn2+) and d10 (Zn2+) ions?

• They show greater difficulty of removing an electron, indicating high values
• They are unusually low
• They are approximately equal
• They depend only on atomic number