d and f BLOCK ELEMENTS

Which of the following halides is NOT expected to exist based on the information about 3d metal halides?

• TiX₄
• CrF₅
• MnF₄
• VX₂ (where X = Cl, Br, or I)

What is the main reason fluorine is particularly effective at stabilizing the highest oxidation states in transition metal halides like VF₅ and CrF₆?

• Its large atomic size allows for more bonds
• Its low electronegativity
• Its ability to form only ionic bonds
• Either higher lattice energy or higher bond enthalpy for covalent compounds

Why is the +3 oxidation state particularly stable for Scandium (Sc), leading to a low E°(M³⁺/M²⁺) value?

• Sc³⁺ has a half-filled d-orbital
• Sc³⁺ is stabilized by forming complexes
• Sc has a very high third ionization energy
• The formation of Sc³⁺ results in a stable noble gas electron configuration

Which of the following elements shows its highest oxidation state in a simple halide compound?

• +4 Ti
• +5 V
• +6 Cr
• +7 Mn

Based on the provided data, which first-row transition metal has the highest third ionization enthalpy (D₃H°)?

• V
• Ni
• Cu
• Zn