GKFix MCQ Question

In the context of Rutherford scattering, why is the term 'impact parameter' used?

• A. It measures the actual point of impact on the nucleus
• B. It quantifies the 'aim' or 'miss distance' of the incoming alpha particle relative to the target nucleus
• C. It represents the initial kinetic energy of the alpha particle
• D. It is the distance of closest approach during the scattering event