What are the two geometrical isomers possible for an octahedral complex of the type [MX₂(L-L)₂]?

A. Fac and mer

B. Cis and trans

C. Optical and geometrical

D. Ion and coordination What causes geometrical isomerism in octahedral complexes?"

E. Different spatial arrangements of ligands

F. 76

G. Change in oxidation state

H. Ligand substitution

I. Resonance Why is geometrical isomerism not observed in tetrahedral complexes with two types of unidentate ligands?"

J. All positions are equivalent in tetrahedral geometry

K. Ligands are too small

L. Geometrical isomerism only occurs in square planar complexes

M. The metal ion does not allow it What is the main reason tetrahedral complexes do not exhibit geometrical isomerism?"

N. No distinct cis or trans positions exist

O. Metal ion symmetry

P. High reactivity

Q. Rapid interconversion In octahedral complexes of the type [Ma₃b₃]

R. what are the two possible geometrical isomers?"

S. Alpha and beta What is the isomer called when three identical ligands occupy adjacent positions on one face of an octahedron?"

T. Facial (fac) isomer

U. Trans isomer

V. Meridional isomer

W. Cis isomer

X. Facial (fac) isomer What is the name of the isomer where three identical ligands are arranged around the meridian of the octahedron?"

Y. Meridional (mer) isomer

Z. Facial isomer

[. Equatorial isomer Which of the following complexes can exhibit fac and mer isomerism?"

\. [Co(NH₃)₃(NO₂)₃]

]. [CoCl₃(en)]

^. [Ni(CO)₄]

_. [CoF₆]³⁻

`. [Co(NH₃)₃(NO₂)₃] What type of ligand is ethylenediamine (en) in coordination compounds?"

a. Bidentate ligand

b. Monodentate ligand

c. Ambidentate ligand

d. Polydentate ligand Which of the following best describes optical isomers?"

e. Non-superimposable mirror images

f. Identical in all properties

g. Superimposable mirror images

h. Isomers with different formulas What term is used for molecules that cannot be superimposed on their mirror images?"

i. Chiral

j. Achiral

k. Racemic

l. Isomeric What is the name given to the optical isomer that rotates plane-polarized light to the right?"

m. Dextro (d)

n. Levorotatory

o. Laevo (l)

p. Dextro (d) What is the name of the optical isomer that rotates plane-polarized light to the left?"

q. Dextrorotatory

r. Meso

s. Laevo (l) In which type of complexes is optical isomerism most commonly observed?"

t. Octahedral complexes with bidentate ligands

u. Tetrahedral with monodentate ligands

v. Square planar complexes

w. Linear complexes Which of the following complexes exhibits optical isomerism?"

x. [Co(en)₃]³⁺

y. [NiCl₄]²⁻

z. [Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺

{. [Co(en)₃]³⁺ Does the trans isomer of [PtCl₂(en)]²⁺ show optical activity?"

|. No

}. Yes

~. Only in solution

. Depends on solvent Which isomer of [PtCl₂(en)]²⁺ is optically active?"

�. Both cis and trans

�. Neither What is the geometry of the [Co(en)₃]³⁺ complex?"

�. Octahedral

�. Tetrahedral

�. Square planar

�. Trigonal bipyramidal

�. Octahedral Which figure in the text shows the optical isomers of [Co(en)₃]³⁺?"

�. Fig. 5.6

�. Fig. 5.4

�. Fig. 5.5

�. Fig. 5.7

�. Fig. 5.6 Which figure illustrates the fac and mer isomers of [Co(NH₃)₃(NO₂)₃]?"

�. Fig. 5.5 What type of isomerism is shown by [Co(NH₃)₃(NO₂)₃]?"

�. Geometrical isomerism

�. Optical isomerism

�. Linkage isomerism

�. Coordination isomerism Which ligand is represented by 'en' in coordination chemistry?"

�. Ethylenediamine

�. Ethylene glycol

�. Enolate ion

�. Ethanolamine Can a tetrahedral complex with four different unidentate ligands show optical isomerism?"

�. Yes, if it is chiral

�. Never

�. Only with bidentate ligands

�. Always What is the primary condition for a complex to exhibit optical isomerism?"

�. It must be chiral

�. It must be charged

�. It must have a transition metal

�. It must be octahedral Which of the following is NOT a requirement for geometrical isomerism?"

�. Presence of a chiral center

�. Restricted rotation

�. Different ligand positions

�. Octahedral or square planar geometry What is the key difference between fac and mer isomers?"

�. Spatial arrangement of three identical ligands

�. Oxidation state of metal

�. Color of the complex

�. Number of ligands Which complex would most likely show both geometrical and optical isomerism?"

�. cis-[CoCl₂(en)₂]⁺

�. trans-[CoCl₂(en)₂]⁺

�. cis-[CoCl₂(en)₂]⁺ How many optical isomers does [Co(en)₃]³⁺ have?"

�. Two

�. One

�. Three

�. Four Which statement best describes the trans isomer of [CoCl₂(en)₂]⁺?"

�. It has a plane of symmetry

�. It is optically active

�. It has no symmetry

�. It cannot be isolated

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